ὅλον  , holon, totum, o todo, el todo, the whole, le tout

Nota 1: La diferencia entre todo y suma, ὅλον y πᾶν  , totum y compositum, es conocida desde Platón   y Aristóteles  . Esto no quiere decir, sin embargo, que haya sido reconocida ni elevada a concepto la sistemática de la modalidad categorial ya implicada en esta distinción. Como punto de partida para un análisis detallado de las estructuras en cuestión cf. E. Husserl  , Logische   Untersuchungen, tomo II, 3° investigación: «Zur Lehre von den Ganzen und Teilen». [SZ  :244; STRivera:260]

---

The ὅλον is understood in many ways:

1.) ὅλον λέγεται οὗ τε μηθέν ἀπεστι μέρος εξ ών λέγεται ὅλον φύσει (Met. V, 26, 1023b26f.). “Α ὅλον is something in which nothing is absent, in which no part, no relevant piece, is missing.” Positively formulated, the ὅλον is the full presence of the being [Anwesenheit   des Seienden  ] in all that pertains to its Being [Sein  ]. Our expression “completeness” [Vollständigkeit] renders it very well; the being is com-plete, i.e., in its “full” state [in seinem vollen Stand  ]. It should be noted that Aristotle claims this same definition   of ὅλον for the τέλειον   as well, […] “The τέλειον is in the first place that in which not   even a single piece is missing.” (Met. V, 26, 1023b27f.). The ὅλον thus means first of all the full presence of the pieces that make up the finished state of a being.

2.) […] The ὅλον is the comprehensive [Umgreifende], in such a way that the things comprehended form something like a one (Met. V, 26, 1023b27f.). We have no corresponding expression for this second sense of ὅλον; “whole” [das “Ganze  "] will not do. This second sense is determined in two ways. The ὅλον is περιἔχον (b28f.), comprehensive:

a) ἡ γάρ ώς ἕκάστον ἕν  , “either in the sense that everything to be comprehended is one" [der Umgriffenen Eines is]

b) ἡ ώς ἐκ τούτων τὸ ἕν, “or in the sense that the one is composed out of what is comprehended.” In the latter instance, the ἕκάστα first constitute the ἕν, whereas in the case of a), every single thing is for itself the ὅλον. [GA19RS  :54-55]

---

VIDE: holon

iii. The distinction between a whole and a sum, holon and pan, totum and compositum, has been familiar since the time of Plato and Aristotle. But admittedly no one as yet knows anything about the systematics of the categorial variations which this division already embraces, nor have these been conceptualized. As an approach to a thorough analysis of the structures in question, cf. Edmund Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen, vol. II, Untersuchung   III: ‘Zur Lehre von den Ganzen und Teilen’. [BTMR]