Hartmut Rosa (Resonance) – ressonância sujeito e mundo

James C. Wagner

The notion, initially developed primarily within the phenomenological tradition, that human beings are first and foremost not creatures capable of language, reason, or sensation, but creatures capable of resonance, has meanwhile been confirmed both in theoretical approaches to the issue of intersubjectivity, particularly those drawing on the work of George Herbert Mead (according to whom subjectivity first emerges through one’s response to a reaction visible in the gaze of one’s mother or caretaker), as well as in findings from the field of neuropsychology relating to the functioning of “mirror neurons.” The notion that not subjects and objects, but dynamic relationships and referentialities might form the basic material of reality has also inspired more recent theoretical approaches to the idea of networks, including Bruno Latour’s authoritative actor-network theory and Harrison White’s phenomenological network theory.

Fundamental to this conceptualization of relating to the world is the insight that such relationships are first established existentially and corporeally, and that the world, as the always already present other side of said relationship, necessarily concerns us in some way as subjects, that it has significance for us and that we find ourselves intentionally oriented toward it. Fear and desire, as I will show in the further course of this book, form the basic elements of this relationship. By contrast, the three-part division of world into the objective world of things, the social world of human beings, and the subjective inner world of feelings, wishes, and perceptions, as proposed by the likes of Günter Dux and Jürgen Habermas, appears as the result of a subsequent mental and linguistic (or prelinguistic) operation which itself implicates the human capacity for and necessity of a cognitive/representational conception of world. This means that subjects not only perceive and react to the world, but also conceptualize it as a world in which they find themselves located, which they encounter and in which they act, and this conceptualization, along with the evolving praxes within which human life plays out and relations to the world become concrete, influences individual sensitivities to and obstructions of resonance as well as the specific characteristics of individual relationships to the world in general. Worldviews in this sense do not simply represent an already established relation to the world, but rather always also have a certain world-opening or world-revealing character. As Günter Dux has sought to demonstrate, even at the level of cognitive representations, the world as a whole remains an ineluctable anthropological point of reference for (coherent) human thought and action. Thus unless otherwise differentiated, the terms world or relationship to the world as used in this book always refer to everything at once: the subjective, the objective, and the social world.

One key difference between my approach and the phenomenological and philosophical-anthropological approaches described above lies in the fact that the latter theories generally inquire after the anthropologically generalizable, universalizable, or even transcendental (and not infrequently presocial) aspects and conditions of human beings’ relationship to the world, whereas I am principally concerned with analyzing and emphasizing the variability and mutability of these relationships in terms of how they are shaped by society. As I intend to demonstrate, social conditions – the institutions, practices, modes of organization, temporal structures, power structures, etc. – form, shape, and otherwise influence not only the cognitive or conceptual, but all aspects of human beings’ relationship to the world, including and especially their corporeal, existential, intentional, and evaluative aspects. If and insofar as it is true that human modes of existence can be understood in terms of how human beings relate to the world, and if said relationships are fundamentally established via relationships of and sensitivities to resonance, the development and/or hindrance of which are in turn socially organized, then a critique of relations of resonance would appear to be the most elementary and at the same time most comprehensive form of social critique.

Sacha Zilberfarb

Excertos de

Heidegger – Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica

Responsáveis: João e Murilo Cardoso de Castro

Twenty Twenty-Five

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