Tag: Dreyfus

“UMA IMAGEM NOS MANTÉM CATIVOS” (Ein Bild hielt uns gefangen). É o que Wittgenstein fala no parágrafo 115 das Investigações Filosóficas. O que ele se refere é a poderosa imagem da mente-no-mundo que habita e subjaz ao que poderíamos chamar de moderna tradição epistemológica, que começa com Descartes. O ponto que ele quer transmitir com…

OS GREGOS HOMÉRICOS estavam abertos para o mundo de uma forma que mal conseguimos compreender. Com toda a nossa habilidade moderna de introspecção de nossos estados internos, tendemos a pensar que as melhores atividades humanas são aquelas que são pensadas internamente, completamente e bem. Tendemos até mesmo a pensar em nossos estados de espírito (Stimmung)…

A conexão entre o ceticismo e a epistemologia moderna é clara desde o início, no trabalho de Descartes. Ele usa o ceticismo, poderíamos dizer, não para promover a agenda cética, mas para estabelecer sua própria topologia do eu, da mente e do mundo. Na primeira Meditação, o leitor é bombardeado com toda a barragem de…

It should thus be clear that tools are not neutral, and that using the Net diminishes one’s involvement in the physical and social world. This, in turn, diminishes one’s sense of reality and of the meaning in one’s life. Indeed, it seems that, the more we use the Net, the more it will tend to…

1. Explicitness. Western thinkers from Socrates to Kant to Jürgen Habermas have assumed that we know and act by applying principles and have concluded that we should get clear about these presuppositions so that we can gain enlightened control of our lives. Heidegger questions both the possibility and the desirability of making our everyday understanding…

2. Mental Representation. To the classic assumption that beliefs and desires underlie and explain human behavior, Descartes adds that in order for us to perceive, act, and, in general, relate to objects, there must be some content in our minds — some internal representation — that enables us to direct our minds toward each object.…

This commentary has been circulating in gradually changing versions for over twenty years. It started in 1968 as a set of “Fybate Lecture Notes” transcribed from my course on Being and Time at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1975 I started circulating my updated lecture notes to students and anyone else who was interested.…

3. Theoretical Holism. Plato’s view that everything human beings do that makes any sense at all is based on an implicit theory, combined with the Descartes/Husserl view that this theory is represented in our minds as intentional states and rules for relating them, leads to the view that even if a background of shared practices…

5. Methodological Individualism. Heidegger follows Wilhelm Dilthey in emphasizing that the meaning and organization of a culture must be taken as the basic given in the social sciences and philosophy and cannot be traced back to the activity of individual subjects. Thus Heidegger rejects the methodological individualism that extends from Descartes to Husserl to existentialists…