recht, gerecht, justo, just

(…) what, in general, does it mean to become just through acting justly (Gerecht-Handeln)? Of course, I must already be just to act justly. (Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 17 sqq.) Aristotle discusses this difficulty in Book 2, Chapter 3, of the Nicomachean Ethics. He resolves this difficulty by recourse to relations of a different sort, in τέχνη. (Cf. Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 26 sqq.) In τέχνη, it depends upon the γιγνόμενα behaving in the right manner. Shoemaking depends upon the shoe, the τέλος, the ἔργον, behaving in the right manner, and thereby being a good, suitable shoe. Nothing further comes into question here. By contrast, we know that the being (Sein) of human beings (Menschen) is determined in its ἔργον as πρᾶξις. This has the τέλος in itself, comes to its end through itself. For this reason, the basic conditions governing the ἔργον of human beings are entirely different than those in the case of a τέχνη. For this πρᾶξις, it depends on how the one acting, as such, behaves toward himself. It depends on ἔξις, being-composed (Gefaßtsein) and this πῶς ἔχων of the πράττων, (Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 30 sq.) the “how” of the “one acting” (Handelnden) is defined in accordance with three aspects:

1. εἰδώς (Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 31.) — φρόνησις: he must be “knowing,” (wissend) must act in the right “condition of looking around,” (Umsichtigkeit) which is oriented toward the καιρός with respect to the subject matter.

2. προαιρούμενος, (Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 31 sq.) he must act from out of himself “on the basis of an actual being-resolved to . . .” (aus einem wirklichen Entschlossensein zu …)

3. Acting in such a way that he is thereby βεβαίως και ἀμετακινήτως ἔχων, (Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 33.) “stable and not to be brought out of composure.” (fest und nicht aus der Fassung zu bringen«) This recalls the determination of πάθος as δι’ ὅσα μεταβάλλοντες (Rhet. Β 1, 1378 a 20 sq.); we are brought out of one frame of mind (Fassung) into another. What is characteristic is not the resulting condition, the having-come-into-another-frame-of-mind (In-eine-andere-Fassung-Gekommensein), but rather the having-lost-composure (Aus-der-Fassung-Sein), being on the way from one state to another, the peculiar unrest that is given with πάθος itself in relation to φόβος characterized as ταραχή (Rhet. Β 4, 1382 a 21.), “tumult,” (Verwirrung) “getting mixed up.” (Durcheinandergeraten)

VIDE: (recht->http://hyperlexikon.hyperlogos.info/modules/lexikon/search.php?option=1&term=recht)

Recht (s): direito, justiça
einrichten / Einrichtung (e): estabelecer, instituir, instalar / estabelecimento
errichten: erigir
sich richten in: rectificar-se
Richtigkeit (e): correcção (GA5BD)